Tokoh-Tokoh Sains dalam Peradaban Islam: Konsep Sains, Perkembangan Historis, dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Ilmu Pengetahuan Modern
Abstract
Peradaban Islam memiliki peran strategis dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, terutama pada masa keemasan Islam (abad ke-8 hingga ke-14 M). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep sains dalam perspektif Islam, menelusuri perkembangan sains pada masa tersebut, serta menganalisis kontribusi tokoh-tokoh sains Muslim dan pengaruhnya terhadap ilmu pengetahuan modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode kepustakaan, menelaah karya-karya klasik dan literatur sekunder yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tokoh-tokoh seperti Al-Khawarizmi, Ibnu Sina, Al-Biruni, Jabir Ibnu Hayyan, dan Ibnu al-Haytham berhasil mengembangkan metode ilmiah berbasis observasi, eksperimen, dan penalaran rasional yang menjadi fondasi sains modern. Pemikiran mereka memengaruhi perkembangan matematika, kedokteran, kimia, optika, serta teknologi kontemporer. Artikel ini menegaskan bahwa integrasi antara nilai spiritual dan rasionalitas ilmiah yang diwariskan oleh ilmuwan Muslim menjadi inspirasi penting bagi praktik sains yang beretika dan beradab.
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