Publication ethics serve as a moral and professional guide that must be adhered to by all parties involved in the publication process: authors, editors, and reviewers. These principles are designed to ensure the integrity and credibility of scholarly research.

1. Ethical Guidelines for Authors

• Originality and Plagiarism: Authors must ensure that the entire manuscript is an original work. The use of others' work or words must be accompanied by proper citation.
• Fabricated Data: Authors are prohibited from manipulating, falsifying, or fabricating data. All data presented must be authentic and accurate.
• Multiple Submissions: Authors should not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal.
• Authorship: All individuals listed as authors must have made a significant contribution to the research. The role of each author should be transparently explained.
• Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest: Authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest, whether financial or non-financial, that could influence the research outcomes.

2. Ethical Guidelines for Editors

• Fair Decisions: Editors must base their decisions on the validity and significance of the manuscript, without discriminating against authors based on race, gender, religion, or institutional affiliation.
• Confidentiality: Editors must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts. Information from unpublished manuscripts must not be used for personal gain.
• Objectivity: Editors must decline a manuscript if there is a potential conflict of interest, for example, if the manuscript is written by a colleague or family member.

3. Ethical Guidelines for Reviewers

• Objectivity and Confidentiality: Reviewers must provide objective and constructive feedback. They should not use information from the manuscripts they review for personal benefit.
• Timeliness: Reviewers are expected to complete their reviews within the designated timeframe.
• Acknowledgement of Sources: Reviewers should identify relevant works that have not been cited by the authors.
• Conflicts of Interest: Reviewers must decline a review assignment if they have a conflict of interest that could influence their assessment.